67 results
Fever - Pyrogen Pathophysiology

EXOGENOUS PYROGEN
 • Bacteria: Lipopolysaccharide components, peptidoglycans and muramyl peptide derivatives, Toxins
 •
Pathophysiology EXOGENOUS ... components Exogenous ... , IFN, IL-6 ENDOGENOUS ... vasculature via: • Active ... organs CNS - Endogenous
Staging of Skin Mottling

Mottling is less sensitive, but more specific for hypoperfusion and elevated mortality (figure
Mottling suggests active ... endogenous vasoconstriction ... not additional exogenous
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
Phosphate Load: • Exogenous ... Fosphenytoin • Endogenous ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Rigors And Bacteremia - Overview

• Rigors are a response to the release of cytokines and prostaglandins
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: → Exogenous ... pro-inflammatroy mediators (Endogenous ... Pyrogen) → Endogenous ... vasculature via: • Active ... circumventricular organs CNS: Endogenous
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
• Azotemia • Exogenous ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Severe Ulcerative Colitis - Management Algorithms
 - Adult outpatients with moderate to severely active ulcerative colitis
moderate to severely active ... Algorithm #treatment #gastroenterology
Forrest Classification of Upper GI Bleeding
Acute Hemorrhage
  Ia - Active Spurting, Re-bleeding Risk 60-100%
Hemorrhage Ia - Active ... 60-100% Ib - Active ... Lesions without Active ... diagnosis #endoscopy #gastroenterology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
ectopic ACTH) • Exogenous ... dehydrogenase activity ... loop diuretics actively ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism: exogenous ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism: exogenous ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology