2827 results
Chemical Eye Injury: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Exogenous chemical to the eye and/or adnexa
 • Ammonia, sodium
clinical findings Exogenous ... the most common alkalis ... EMERGENCY: immediate management ... following initial management
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... Severe K depletion, Exogenous ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis
Fever - Pyrogen Pathophysiology

EXOGENOUS PYROGEN
 • Bacteria: Lipopolysaccharide components, peptidoglycans and muramyl peptide derivatives, Toxins
 •
Pathophysiology EXOGENOUS ... components Exogenous ... proinflammatory mediators (endogenous ... , IFN, IL-6 ENDOGENOUS ... organs CNS - Endogenous
Hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome) - Simplified Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Exogenous (ACTH-independent)
Endogenous
 • ACTH-dependent:
    - ACTH-secreting
Diagnosis Algorithm Exogenous ... ACTH-independent) Endogenous
Hypoglycemia - Evaluation Algorithm
Interpreting Hypoglycemia Labs - the patient must be hypoglycemic at the time of
Proinsulin - Is it endogenous ... → Exogenous Insulin
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
Phosphate Load: • Exogenous ... Fosphenytoin • Endogenous
Blood Gas Analysis and Interpretation
STEPS TO ANALYSIS
1. Look at PH. Alkalotic or acidotic?
Alkalotic or acidotic ... - If alkalotic, ... then it is an alkalosis ... respiratory component) - alkalotic ... metabolic component) - alkalotic
Staging of Skin Mottling

Mottling is less sensitive, but more specific for hypoperfusion and elevated mortality (figure
suggests active endogenous ... not additional exogenous
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis - Metabolic + Respiratory Acidosis + Alkalosis

pH ↓ pCO2 ↓ -
Respiratory Acidosis + Alkalosis ... ↑ - Metabolic alkalosis ... - Respiratory alkalosis ... Compensation #acidosis #alkalosis
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

 • Respiratory Acidosis
 • Respiratory Alkalosis
 • Metabolic Acidosis
 •
• Respiratory Alkalosis ... • Metabolic Alkalosis ... diagnosis #acidosis #alkalosis