871 results
Chemical Eye Injury: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Exogenous chemical to the eye and/or adnexa
 • Ammonia, sodium
clinical findings Exogenous ... the most common alkalis ... #opthalmology #pathophysiology
Fever - Pyrogen Pathophysiology

EXOGENOUS PYROGEN
 • Bacteria: Lipopolysaccharide components, peptidoglycans and muramyl peptide derivatives, Toxins
 •
Fever - Pyrogen Pathophysiology ... EXOGENOUS PYROGEN ... components Exogenous ... , IFN, IL-6 ENDOGENOUS ... Fever #Fever #Pathophysiology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... Severe K depletion, Exogenous ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis
Hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome) - Simplified Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Exogenous (ACTH-independent)
Endogenous
 • ACTH-dependent:
    - ACTH-secreting
Diagnosis Algorithm Exogenous ... ACTH-independent) Endogenous
Rigors And Bacteremia - Overview

• Rigors are a response to the release of cytokines and prostaglandins
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: ... → Exogenous Pyrogen ... pro-inflammatroy mediators (Endogenous ... Pyrogen) → Endogenous ... Rigors #Bacteremia #Pathophysiology
Hypoglycemia - Evaluation Algorithm
Interpreting Hypoglycemia Labs - the patient must be hypoglycemic at the time of
Proinsulin - Is it endogenous ... → Exogenous Insulin
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
Phosphate Load: • Exogenous ... Fosphenytoin • Endogenous
Staging of Skin Mottling

Mottling is less sensitive, but more specific for hypoperfusion and elevated mortality (figure
suggests active endogenous ... not additional exogenous
Blood Gas Analysis and Interpretation
STEPS TO ANALYSIS
1. Look at PH. Alkalotic or acidotic?
Alkalotic or acidotic ... - If alkalotic, ... then it is an alkalosis ... respiratory component) - alkalotic ... metabolic component) - alkalotic
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis - Metabolic + Respiratory Acidosis + Alkalosis

pH ↓ pCO2 ↓ -
Respiratory Acidosis + Alkalosis ... ↑ - Metabolic alkalosis ... - Respiratory alkalosis ... Compensation #acidosis #alkalosis