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Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Edema (NCPE) - Differential ... dissolved in the PaO2/FiO2 ... common causes of acute ... Embolism: • Acute ... edema #causes #differential
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = [FiO2 ... chest) • Low PiO2 ... Elevation, Low Fio2 ... Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... Hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential
Mask Oxygen Delivery Devices

Simple Mask aka Hudson's Mask:
 • Flow 6-10 LPM
 • FiO2 35-50%
Face Tent:
Flow 6-10 LPM • FiO2 ... 10-15 LPM • FiO2 ... 10-15 LPM • FiO2 ... 10-15 LPM • FiO2 ... Devices #management #pulmonary
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
Berlin Criteria for Acute ... consistent with pulmonary ... lung collapse, or pulmonary ... mm Hg < PaO2 / FiO2 ... H2O #ARDS #Acute
Oxygen Delivery Systems
Nasal Cannula:
 • Flow: 1 - 6 L/min
 • FiO2: 25 - 40% (-4%/L
- 6 L/min • FiO2 ... - 10 L/min • FiO2 ... - 15 L/min • FiO2 ... on valve) • FiO2 ... devices #management #pulmonary
Radiographic Features of Pulmonary Diseases
 - Pneumonia
 - Atelectasis
 - Emphysema
 - Pneumothorax
 - Effusion
 -
Radiographic Features of Pulmonary ... - Nodular - Acute ... Embolism - Acute ... Pulmonary Edema ... XRay #ChestCT #Differential
Oxygen Delivery by Device

Nasal Cannula 
• Indicated for low-flow, low-percentage supplemental oxygen. 
• Flow rate of
high percentage FiO ... set to desired FiO2 ... deliver desired FiO ... Oxygen #Delivery #FiO2 ... #Pulmonary #Equipment
More common & convincing pneumonia mimics 

Aspiration pneumonitis, 
Pulmonary vasculitis, 
Acute eosinophilic pneummia,  
Cryptogeric organizing
pneumonitis, Pulmonary ... vasculitis, Acute ... of idiopathic pulmonary ... Pneumonia #Mimics #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Pulmonary
Hypotension / Shock Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic:
 • Poor oral intake
 • Hemorrhage
 • Renal loss
 •
Hypotension / Shock Differential ... infarction • Acute ... valvulopathy • Pulmonary ... obstruction • Pulmonary ... #Hypotension #Differential
Diffuse consolidation
The most common cause of diffuse consolidation is pulmonary edema due to heart failure.
This is
consolidation is pulmonary ... cardiogenic edema, to differentiate ... patients, who have an acute ... a superimposed pulmonay ... Consolidation #Differential