6400 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = [FiO2 ... chest) • Low PiO2 ... Elevation, Low Fio2 ... Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... #differential #diagnosis
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
consistent with pulmonary ... lung collapse, or pulmonary ... mm Hg < PaO2 / FiO2 ... mm Hg < PaO2 / FiO2 ... Definition #Criteria #Diagnosis
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
leading to increased pulmonary ... consistent with pulmonary ... or CXR ● PaO2/FiO2 ... Summary #CheatSheet #Diagnosis
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary ... - Differential Diagnosis ... High Altitude Pulmonary ... dissolved in the PaO2/FiO2 ... #differential #diagnosis
TRALI Diagnostic Criteria
TRALI type 1 - Patients who have no risk factors for ARDS and meet
TRALI Diagnostic ... Hypoxemia (PaO2/FiO2 ... evidence of bilateral pulmonary ... mild ARDS (PaO2/FiO2 ... #Criteria #pulmonary
Mask Oxygen Delivery Devices

Simple Mask aka Hudson's Mask:
 • Flow 6-10 LPM
 • FiO2 35-50%
Face Tent:
provide a different FiO2 ... Flow 2-15 LPM • FiO2 ... 10-15 LPM • FiO2 ... 10-15 LPM • FiO2 ... Devices #management #pulmonary
Oxygen Delivery Systems
Nasal Cannula:
 • Flow: 1 - 6 L/min
 • FiO2: 25 - 40% (-4%/L
- 6 L/min • FiO2 ... - 10 L/min • FiO2 ... - 15 L/min • FiO2 ... on valve) • FiO2 ... devices #management #pulmonary
Oxygen Delivery by Device

Nasal Cannula 
• Indicated for low-flow, low-percentage supplemental oxygen. 
• Flow rate of
high percentage FiO ... set to desired FiO2 ... deliver desired FiO ... Oxygen #Delivery #FiO2 ... #Pulmonary #Equipment
Increased Airway Pressure - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Using these steps from start to end should
check measured FiO2 ... o Aspiration, pulmonary ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis
Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) - Diagnosis and Management

Pneumonia Signs/Symptoms:
 • Confusion/disorientation (LR + 1.9)
 • Cough
Pneumonia (CAP) - Diagnosis ... • PaO2/FiO2 ratio ... Pneumonia #CAP #Diagnosis ... Management #treatment #Pulmonary