24 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Tertiary Lab Comparison ... Bone/joint pain Psychiatric ... Alteration in hunger ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Spondylolysis & Spondylolisthesis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Pars interarticularis stress fracture (spondylolysis) - most frequently in the
hyperextension test ... (Stork test) ... Spondylolisthesis #MSK ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
sensory • Before diagnosis ... Straight Leg Raise Test ... MeralgiaParesthetica #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... #differential #diagnosis
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

 • Paresthesia of 5th and medial half of 4th
elbow flexion test ... CubitalTunnel #Syndrome #Diagnosis ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk
Median Nerve Tension Test (Upper-Limb Neurodynamic Tests, ULNT1)

To assess for Median Nerve Peripheral Neuropathy

Shoulder abduction →
Nerve Tension Test ... wrist dorsiflexion/finger ... positive with symptom ... #physicalexam #sports ... #msk #orthopedics
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Symptoms (included in DSM 5 criteria) - Present during
Clinical Findings Symptoms ... ) - Worse in winter ... MoodDisorders #Diagnosis ... #Pathophysiology ... #Psychiatry
Cold Urticaria
Prevalence - 0.05% in the population
Disease onset - Mostly 2nd to 4th decades of life
Causes
and duration of symptoms ... within one hour or longer ... angioedema Other symptoms ... Cold #Urticaria #diagnosis ... #rheumatology #comparison
Achilles Tendon Rupture - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • The Achilles tendon is 15cm long in
Thompson calf squeeze test ... TendonRupture #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #pathophysiology ... #msk #orthopedics
Eichhoff's Test in de Quervain's Tenosynovitis

1) Patient makes a fist with fingers wrapped around the thumb
2)
Eichhoff's Test ... makes a fist with fingers ... reproduction of patient's symptoms ... #physicalexam #sports ... #msk #orthopedics
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
-> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms