10 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Chronic Hypertensive ... retinal nerve fiber ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Cotton Wool Spots

Caused by microinfarcts. Exploded ganglion cell axons extrude their axoplasm into retina. Long DDx:
Cotton Wool Spots ... axoplasm into retina ... Long DDx: hypertension ... #CottonWool #Spots ... #fundoscopy #ophthalmology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
into the deeper retinal ... Exudates • Nerve fiber ... -> Cotton-wool spots ... of VEGF causing fine ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology
Ocular Ultrasound Pocketcard
Painless Vision Loss
 • Retinal Detachment 
 • Posterior Vitreous Detachment 
 • Vitreous
Ocular Ultrasound ... Vision Loss • Retinal ... Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ... Pocus101 #Ocular #Ultrasound ... diagnosis #radiology #ophthalmology
Cotton Wool Spots- "In otherwise healthy patients, the observance of a cotton wool spot (CWS) is
Cotton Wool Spots ... a cotton wool spot ... in diabetic or hypertensive ... #retina #Ophthalmology ... #photo #hypertensive
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... • Drugs • Chronic ... Family history, ultrasound ... • Diabetes • Hypertension ... • Infections (chronic
Chronic Vision Loss by Anatomic Location - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cornea:
 • Keratoconus
 • Stromal Scaring
 •
Chronic Vision Loss ... Degeneration (Wet, Dry) Retina ... - Cotton wool spots ... Craniopharyngioma #Chronic ... Algorithm #Causes #Ophthalmology
Age Related Macular Degeneration: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Photoreceptor atrophy 
-> Extracellular debris (drusen) from RPE atrophy/metabolism
from choroid to retina ... products from retina ... RPE -> Loss of photo ... - Faded/blind spots ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology
Hypertensive Retinopathy on Fundoscopy Ocular Examination

Patient with grade IV hypertensive retinopathy. Papilledema, hemorrhages, and cotton-wool spots
Hypertensive Retinopathy ... with grade IV hypertensive ... and cotton-wool spots ... Retinopathy #cottonwool #Retina ... clinical #video #ophthalmology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO) on Ocular POCUS

This patient is likely presented with painless vision loss.
Central Retinal ... intra-arterial spot ... arrow) c/w central retinal ... POCUS #clinical #ultrasound ... #ophthalmology