56 results
Clarke's Test (Patellar Grind Test)

Indicates Patellofemoral dysfunction.
 - Patient with knee in extension. Push posterior on
- Patient with knee ... - Positive sign ... is produced in knee ... #physicalexam #knee ... #orthopedics #sports
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
Brudzinski’s Sign ... flexion of the knees ... While the pathophysiology ... for the hip/knee ... is that hip and knee
Characteristic clinical manifestations of Down syndrome 
 
Typical craniofacial appearance 
 • Round face and flat
running across the inner ... • Brushfield spots ... iris (pigmented spots ... incurved fifth finger ... PhysicalExam #Features #Signs
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... diabetes Key signs ... hypotension) DKA: Short ... respirations HHS: Longer
Patellofemoral Syndrome - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Knee Pain with possible symptoms of 'catching'
findings • Anterior Knee ... Patellofemoral #Syndrome #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
lesions in the inner ... -> Cotton-wool Spots ... -> Elschnig's Spots ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs
CREST Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

CALCINOSIS (BB-sized, hard nodules in fingers)
RAYNAUD'S Phenomenon
ESOPHAGEAL DYSMOTILITY
SCLERODACTYLY (thickening and tightening
hard nodules in fingers ... CREST #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Alteration in hunger ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Exudates • Nerve fiber ... -> Cotton-wool spots ... of VEGF causing fine ... complications #pathophysiology
Nail Pathologies - Findings in or Near Nails

Paronychia 

A superficial infection of the proximal and lateral
Commonly affects all fingers ... White Spots (Leukonychia ... nonuniform white spots ... Spots in the pattern ... Diagnosis #Clinical #Signs