132 results
Infantile Spasms 
Associated with Tuberous Sclerosis 
1) Flexor spasms: Sudden flexion of neck, trunk, arms, and
Sclerosis 1) Flexor ... spasms: Sudden flexion ... legs 3) Mixed flexor-extensor ... spasms: Flexion ... EEG pattern Management
Posterior Ankle Impingement (Os Trigonum) Syndrome - MSK Radiology
Imaging Findings:
 • Os trigonum which has marrow
Case description ... worse upon plantar flexion ... athletes with plantar flexion ... Tenosynovitis flexor ... limits plantar flexion
Bunnel-Littler PIP Joint Test on Physical Exam
For intrinsic vs joint capsule cause of restriction or tightness
joint capsule cause ... preventing full flexion ... MCP & passively flex ... compare 3) If PIP flexion ... but not w/MCP flexion
Interphalangeal Joint Dislocation
Interphalangeal joint dislocations almost always occur dorsally, look for associated avulsion fractures! Here's a
-80 degrees of flexion ... enable extension; flexor ... phalanx to enable flexion ... 120 degrees of flexion ... enable extension; flexor
Upper Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Motor Function
Shoulder:
 • Abduction - C5,C6 (axillary)
 • Adduction - C6, C7,
C8 Elbow: • Flexion ... C8 Wrist: • Flexion ... Erb's Palsy is caused ... palsy" is a common cause ... Dislocation - May cause
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
characterized by reflexive flexion ... following passive neck flexion ... Passive neck flexion ... for the hip/knee flexion ... that hip and knee flexion
Causes of Facial Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Forehead Sparing = Central cause
  - Most commonly
Causes of Facial ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Sparing = Central cause ... involved = Peripheral lesion ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
"Appropriate patient positioning for lumbar puncture and location of the L4/L5 intercostal space"-McMaster Textbook of Internal
limbs should be flexed ... head at maximum flexion ... Avoid excessive flexion ... LumbarPuncture #Management
Dropped Foot Gait - Paralysis of Dorsal Flexion of the Foot.
When trying to walk the tip
Paralysis of Dorsal Flexion ... avoid this, he raises ... peroneal nerve, which causes ... expense of energetic flexion
Galant Reflex on Physical Exam

The Galant reflex is present at birth and remains until the 2nd
pulled up and flexion ... the input of the flexor ... persistent in cases