29 results
Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction revealed by flow-volume loops. For comparison, a normal loop is shown with
dysfunction revealed by flow-volume ... loops. ... comparison, a normal loop ... PFTs #Spirometry #FlowVolume ... #Loops #Patterns
Flow Volume Loops - Common Patterns
A. Normal
B. Emphysema
C. Unilateral Main Stem Bronchial Obstruction
D. Fixed Upper Airway
Flow Volume Loops ... - Common Patterns ... PFTs #Spirometry #FlowVolume ... #Loops #Patterns
Pulmonary Function Testing: Flow Volume Loop Patterns
 • Variable extra-thoracic obstruction - truncated or flattened inspiratory
Function Testing: Flow ... Volume Loop Patterns ... nickmmark #FlowVolume ... #Loops #pulmonary ... #PFTs #patterns
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... secreting tumor, Primary ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
urine (usually low ... kidney disease, Loop ... Increased intake (low ... /Inflammation: Urinary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Urinary
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Remote Diuretics - Loop ... Mineralocorticoid • Primary ... Recent Diuretics - Loop ... metabolic #alkalosis #algorithm
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Urinary Chloride ... Remote use of loop ... - Normal/low ... #causes #urinary
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... Medications - Loop ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Diuretics (loop ... aldosteronism Low ... Renin, Low Aldosterone ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm