20 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... Causes of Hyporeflexia ... , Acute spinal cord ... Hyperreflexia #Testing ... #diagnosis #table
Cardiac Stress Testing
Exercise:
 • Everyone who can exercise should!
 • They must be able to raise
Cardiac Stress Testing ... • They must be able ... production to cause ... pts with severe COPD ... #Stress #Testing
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... • Effusion • Cardiac ... Artery Disease • Stable ... • Asthma • COPD ... #Causes
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Warm Extremities
 - Distributive Shock - Low JVP
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Neurogenic Cold ... Pneumothorax • Cardiac ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
e.g. pneumonia, COPD ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cerebral salt wasting ... syndrome, Cirrhosis, Cardiac ... #Causes #nephrology
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Agglutination - Cold ... aHUS, mechanical cardiac ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... workup #hematology #testing
Hypoglycemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Fasting Hypoglycemia:
 • Excess Insulin
 • Medications (e.g. Insulin Secretagogues, ß-Adrenergic Antagonists,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Idiopathic Other Causes ... Renal Failure, Cardiac ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... endocrinology #causes
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
exam Determine Cardiac ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... surgery Stress Testing ... postoperative cardiac ... preoperative stress testing
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
hemodynamics and cardiac ... Cardiac cath if ... the determined cause ... #differential #algorithm ... cardiology #treatment #table