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Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction revealed by flow-volume loops. For comparison, a normal loop is shown with
by flow-volume loops ... See text for details ... #Diagnosis #PFTs ... #Spirometry #FlowVolume ... #Loops #Patterns
Flow Volume Loops - Common Patterns
A. Normal
B. Emphysema
C. Unilateral Main Stem Bronchial Obstruction
D. Fixed Upper Airway
Flow Volume Loops ... Stem Bronchial Obstruction ... #Diagnosis #PFTs ... #Spirometry #FlowVolume ... #Loops #Patterns
Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) Interpretation Algorithm

Approach to PFTs:
1) Look at Flow-Volume Loop if available
2) FEV1/FVC <
Pulmonary Function Test ... (PFT) Interpretation ... at Flow-Volume Loop ... FEV1/FVC < 70% (obstruction ... #PFT #Interpretation
Liver Function Tests (LFTs) - Normal Values and Interpretation

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT) - Liver, cardiac & skeletal
Liver Function Tests ... Values and Interpretation ... DBili) - Biliary obstruction ... Marker of vitamin k- ... Liver #Function #Tests
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
S/Sx: Most pts ... Cortisol+ACTH stim test ... Diuretics (IV loop ... acetazolamide) - IV loop ... - avoid ileus/obstruction