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Nephron - Diuretic Sites of Action

Source Text: https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780323449427/critical-care-nephrology#book-info

#Nephron #Diuretics #Site #Action #Location #Nephrology #Pathophysiology #Pharmacology
Nephron - Diuretic ... Sites of Action ... #Diuretics #Site ... #Action #Location ... #Nephrology #Pathophysiology
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... of Action Diuretics ... Adenosine #Nephron ... #Pathophysiology ... #Action #nephrology
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
Hormones Acting ... on the Nephron - ... Site of Action ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Nephron
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic ... , nasogastric suction ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Hypokalemia ... Generalized distal nephron ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... only if no clear cause ... Exchanges K+ for cations ... (10g PO tid) - caution ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Vomiting • NG suction ... contracted • Loop diuretics ... syndrome • Thiazide diuretics ... #Nephrology #Differential
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Segments of the Nephron ... organic acids and bases ... acid and most diuretics ... tubule (DCT) - Active ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • K sparing diuretics ... - Transfusion reaction ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Ileostomy - NGT suction ... RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... extracellular anion ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride