24 results
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Signs of Copper Deficiency ... of copper-rich foods ... Total parenteral nutrition ... /jejunal nutrition ... drkeithsiau #Copper #Deficiency
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Pain/Proximal Muscle ... • Vitamin D Deficiency ... • Phosphate Deficiency ... Disease • Poor Nutrition
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... #Vitamins #Deficiency ... signs #symptoms #nutrition
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
initiation of nutrition ... may cause severe clinical ... Hypo-Mg2+ • Vitamin deficiency ... • Vitamin D deficiency ... Refeeding #Syndrome #Nutrition
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Thiamine Deficiency ... Framework and Clinical ... Causes of Thiamine Deficiency ... extremities - Muscle ... syndromes #beriberi #nutrition
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
Pathophysiology: • T4 deficiency ... which impairs musde ... slow-twitching Type I muscle ... fibers Spectrum of Clinical ... proximal myopathy → Muscle
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency ... persons with poor nutrition ... Clinical Presentation ... : • Vitamin C deficiency ... • Weakness • Muscle
Temporalis Muscle Wasting: Loss of temporalis muscle mass commonly seen in cases of significant 
catabolism and/or
Temporalis Muscle ... or generalized nutritional ... deficiency. ... UCSD Catalog of Clinical ... Images #Clinical
Thyroid Eye Signs 
Lid Signs
    Dalrymple’s Sign: Lid Retraction.
    Von
palpebrae superioris muscle ... the superior eye folds ... Extra-Ocular Muscle ... more extraocular muscles ... OPHTHALMOLOGY #clinical
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency ... Present in foods ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... B12 #Cobalamin #Deficiency ... diagnosis #management #nutrition