18 results
Algorithm for the evaluation of macrocytic anemia. (RBC = red blood cell; MMA = methylmalonic acid.)
Physicians
of macrocytic anemia ... elevated, but anemia ... but undiagnosed, folate ... megaloblastic anemia ... #VitaminB12 #Folate
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Deficiency • Folate ... Deficiency • Folate ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Causes of Anemia ... Neutrophils - Low RBC Folate ... • Pernicious Anemia ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... Rule out B12 and Folate
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Framework for Anemia ... thalassemia • Anemia ... Normocytic" • Anemia ... B12 deficiency, Folate ... Myelodysplastic syndrome
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
ataxia), Korsakoff syndrome ... cardiomyopathy) • Folate ... - Macrocytic anemia ... B12 - Macrocytic anemia ... Minerals: • Iron - Anemia
Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome ... is Korsakoff's syndrome ... and retrograde amnesia ... #vitaminB1 #B1 # ... Encephalopathy #Korsakoff #Syndrome
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
E - Haemolytic anaemia ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... paraesthesiae • Folate ... - Anaemia, neural ... Vitamin B12 - Anaemia
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Vitamin B12 • Folate
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
Autoimmune - Pernicious anaemia ... and Sjögren's syndrome ... antagonists #VitaminB12
The Inhibited Pathway caused by N2O, leading to a decrease in the active form of Vitamin
N2O can cause a syndrome ... of pernicious anemia ... #Pathophysiology ... #NitrousOxide #VitaminB12