3753 results
Causes of Atrial Fibrillation

Heart disease 
 - Aging heart 
 - Cardiomyopathies 
 - Congestive heart
Causes of Atrial ... cardiac structure or function ... Altered ion channel function ... AFib #Cardiology #Pathophysiology
Torsades de Pointes (TdP): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia initiated by PVC in the setting
maintained by functional ... TdP #Diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #cardiology #causes
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Diagnosis Algorithm Cause ... intoxication Cause ... transport, renal function ... Gastrointestinal function ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
NSAID vs ACEI/ARB effects on the Kidneys

Remember that NSAIDs and ACEI/ARB therapy have opposing effects on
NSAIDs cause vasoconstriction ... normal kidney function ... use shouldn't cause ... Nephrology #Renal #Pathophysiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... with TSAT <20% (functional ... endpoint of all-cause
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Definition: • Functional ... • Caused by splanchnic ... Pathophysiology: ... • Tubular function ... Exclude other AKI causes
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... has good renal function ... anion gap until it closes ... Abdominal pain, nausea ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Framework NCPE Pathophysiology ... Causes include: ... left ventricular function
Diabetic Foot: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Polyol Pathway - Excess glucose enters Polyol pathway ->
essential for cell function ... Glycosylation - AGE cause ... #DiabeticFoot #pathophysiology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... Hyperventilation, Dizziness, Nausea ... Loss of muscle function ... differential #diagnosis #causes