5 results
Liver Function Test (LFTs) Elevation
AST - Cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney, brain
ALT - More specific for
Function Test (LFTs) Elevation ... Biliary tree or bile flow ... ALP ≥ 2x ULN R Value ... SinaiBmoreIMRes #Liver #FunctionTest ... #LFTs #Elevation
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Cerebral salt wasting ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... SatyaPatelMD #Volume ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
algorithm Urine ... can be high or low ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... Primary polydipsia), Low ... table #sodium #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... solute intake, ... diagnosis #sodium #nephrology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... confirmed via genetic testing ... in most cases; interpretation ... #nephrology