18 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Assess volume status ... HYPOVOLEMIC • ... psychogenic polydipsia HYPERVOLEMIC ... • CHF • liver ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... : • Hypovolemic ... thirst, Lack of access ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Hypervolemic ... Heart failure, liver ... #causes #nephrology
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Evaluation of Hyponatremia ... symptoms (HA, nausea ... history (cardiac, liver ... #Hypervolemic # ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypovolemic - Give ... volume Hypervolemic ... treat underlying cause
Causes of Altered Level of Consciousness GCS < 7 - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Brain Involvement - Hemispheric
Causes of Altered ... • Neoplastic Abscess ... • Neoplastic Abscess ... - Excesses • Liver ... #Causes
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Encephalitis, Brain Abscess ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypoxia, Uremia, Liver
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hormone secretion Hypervolemia ... renal failure Hypervolemia ... #Causes #nephrology
Liver Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign Cystic 
 • Cyst
 • Polycystic Liver Disease
 • Caroli's
Liver Mass - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Adenoma • Abscess ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Liver Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cystic:
 • Benign 
     - Simple: Simple
Liver Mass - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Infectious: Abscess ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Hepatology