12 results
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
HPS - Diagnosis:
 1. Patients with liver disease
 2. Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaP02) >15 mmHg
Patients with liver ... Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient ... vasodilatation HPS Classification ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management ... #classification
Hypersensitivity Types and Their Mechanisms
Type I - lgE - Soluble antigen
 - Allergen-specific lgE antibodies bind
antibodies bind to mast ... degranulation of mast ... cellular antigen, leading ... Complement activation ... Hypersensitivity #Types #Classification
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
Macrophage Activation ... IL-1 and IL-6, leading ... thrombocytopenia • Liver ... #Macrophage #Activation ... Syndrome #Diagnosis #Management
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Diagnosis and Management ... the setting of liver ... • Underlying liver ... 80mmHg or A-a gradient ... hypertension • Liver
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Occurs in advanced liver ... sympathetic + ADH activation ... Classification: ... Norepinephrine may ... be substituted as
Summary table of types of hypersensitivity reactions. 
Type 1
 - Mediators: lgE
 - Antigen Form: Soluble
Allergen-specific lgE causes mast-cell ... cell antigens, leading ... to complement activation ... allergy #table #classification
Hepatic Encephalopathy - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Definition:
 • Alteration in brain function manifested by neuropsychiatric symptoms
Diagnosis and Management ... • Caused by liver ... building muscle mass ... Encephalopathy #Grading ... #Classification
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
May recur; 25% of ... recipient antibodies leading ... Injury (TRALI): Leading ... eruptions, diarrhea, liver ... Transfusion #diagnosis #management
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
May recur; 25% of ... recipient antibodies leading ... Injury (TRALI): Leading ... eruptions, diarrhea, liver ... Transfusions #diagnosis #management
Hypersensitivity: Definitions
 • Type I - Production of lgE Abs that bind to harmless allergens and
allergens and activate mast ... degranulation, leading ... immune reaction, leading ... because T-Cell activation ... Reactions #Types #Classification