11 results
Liver Function Test (LFTs) Elevation
AST - Cardiac and skeletal muscle, kidney, brain
ALT - More specific for
Liver Function Test ... specific for the liver ... ALP - Biliary ... tree or bile flow ... #FunctionTest #
Hepatomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malignant
 • Primary Carcinoma
 • Metastases
 • Lymphoma
 • Leukemia
 • Polycythemia
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Non-Malignant • Fatty Liver ... Biliary Cirrhosis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Hepatology
Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) - Stepwise Diagnosis Algorithm
DILI suspicion
Features toxic aetiology: Skin involvement, Kidney injury,
Stepwise Diagnosis Algorithm ... for alternative causes ... obstruction, Primary ... biliary cholangitis ... , Primary sclerosing
Causes of Ascites - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Portal Hypertension - Prehepatic:
 • Portal vein thrombosis
 • Splenic
Causes of Ascites ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... disease • Acute liver ... failure • Primary ... biliary cholangitis
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Highest • Bone • Liver ... Intestine - Other causes ... - Drugs - Primary ... biliary Cholangitis
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Increased Urinary ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... intralobular bile ducts causes ... cholestasis → Cirrhosis/Liver ... or higher • Liver
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence

Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
RPGN has three primary ... pathophysiologic ... causes differentiated ... staining): • Low ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
synthesized in: liver ... Most cases diagnosed ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... Phosphatase: • Other causes ... • Elevation of urinary
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
Prolonged PT/PTT • Low ... protein C and S Pathophysiology ... DIC • Severe Liver ... Treatment: • Treat primary ... cause • Correct