20 results
Hyperaldosteronism - Etiologies of Mineralocorticoid Excess

Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Normal or Low Renin, High Aldosterone) 
 - Aldosterone-secreting
(Normal or Low Renin ... , High Aldosterone ... - Congenital adrenal ... Hyperaldosteronism #Differential ... #Aldosterone #Comparison
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin ... Normal or High Renin ... heparin - Primary adrenal ... Hypoaldosteronism #Differential ... #Aldosterone #Comparison
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... , High Aldosterone ... Tumor Low Renin ... mass • Adrenal ... NonGap #Nephrology #Differential
Primary vs Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency - Pathophysiology
Primary AI = adrenal glands themselves are the problem. This
Primary vs Secondary Adrenal ... means cortisol AND aldosterone ... while ACTH AND Renin ... Aldosterone & Renin ... Pathophysiology #endocrinology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Diabetic Nephropathy Renin ... Normal, Renin High ... • Congenital adrenal ... hypoplasia Aldosterone ... nephrology #potassium #differential
Drugs causing hyperkalemia
 • Impaired release of renin: NSAIDs, Beta blockers, Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, Diabetes, Elderly
 •
Impaired release of renin ... blockers • Impaired aldosterone ... mechanism: Adrenal ... Pentamidine • Aldosterone ... medications #causes #differential
Malignant Adrenal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Suggestive of Malignancy: Inhomogenous Density, Delay in CT Contrast Washout
Malignant Adrenal ... Mass - Differential ... : Renin Ratio) ... AdrenalMass #Malignant #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
- SLE High Renin ... - Primary adrenal ... insufficiency - Isolated aldosterone ... Ketoconazole Low Renin ... Algorithm #diagnosis #differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Aldosterone: ... ↑ Aldosterone: ... ↓ Aldosterone: ... syndrome, Congenital adrenal ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential
Adrenal Incidentalomas: Hormone Evaluation
 • Zona Glomerulosa: Primary Hyperaldosteronism?
    - Aldosterone and renin
Adrenal Incidentalomas ... - Aldosterone and ... renin if hypokalemia ... evaluation • Adrenal ... Diagnosis #workup #endocrinology