14 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Association, which is classes ... STAGES of CHF (A ... Stage D CHF is frequently ... #CHF #Congestive ... #Stages #Classes
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
STAGES of CHF (A ... Stage D CHF is frequently ... flare ups that cause ... #CHF #Congestive ... #Stages #ACCAHA
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
four-component staging ... With treatment, ... #CHF #Congestive ... #Stages #Classes ... #NYHA #ACCAHA
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diagnosis of ... irrigation • Management ... caused by Ca2+ ... Heart Association class ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
vast majority of cases ... the underlying cause ... demyelination syndrome ... #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... Impaired Renal Excretion ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Amiodarone Induced Lung Toxicity Summary

Who?
• 5% of patients
• Dose ≥ 400 mg per day

How?  Possible
to years after starting ... amiodarone treatment ... pulmonary nodules and masses ... respiratory distress syndrome ... Exclude other causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Tumor lysis syndrome ... - Hyperosmolar states ... Impaired Renal Excretion ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... and Management ... iniury, Compartment syndrome ... Drugs (Statins), ... #causes #treatment
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
the underlying cause ... • Treatment of ... with AEDs until cause ... #diagnosis #management ... #neurology