15 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Association, which is classes ... STAGES of CHF (A ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive ... #Classes #NYHA
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
four-component staging ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive ... #Classes #NYHA ... #ACCAHA
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... - Hyperosmolar states ... diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Diagnosis and Management ... Drugs (Statins), ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... #Summary #causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... Monitor potassium ... #causes #treatment ... #nephrology
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema - Differential Diagnosis Framework

NCPE Pathophysiology:
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema occurs because of excessive pulmonary capillary
Edema - Differential ... Causes include: ... vascular congestion ... activity, especially status ... #diagnosis #cardiology
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
Chronic inflammation causes ... bronchial wall injury ... → mucous stasis ... Most Common Causes ... moderate-to-severe cases
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... caused by Ca2+ ... Heart Association class
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... , rhabdo/crush injury ... Na delivery): CHF ... only if no clear cause ... #nephrology #K