11 results
Creatine Kinase - Causes of Elevated CK Levels
Acute CK Elevation (Pain > Weakness):
 • RHABDOMYOLYSIS
- Causes of Elevated ... - Medications: statins ... infarction, Acute renal injury ... Subacute to Chronic Causes ... Autoimmune: mixed connective
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... chemotherapy - Rhabdomyolysis ... /crush injury* ... failure* - Drugs—potassium-sparing ... #Causes #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... Digoxin • K sparing ... lysis syndrome - Rhabdomyolysis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
syndrome, Electrical injury ... Drugs (Statins), ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... Management #Summary #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... Digoxin • K sparing ... lysis syndrome - Rhabdomyolysis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - ... Management Summary Causes ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... Monitor potassium ... Diagnosis #Management #causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Heart Association class ... Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
urine Na/Cl < 0.7, high ... Tubulopathy: urine K/creatinine ... correcting serum potassium ... the patient not taking ... continued in most cases
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues.  This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
we introduce a high ... ICF responds by taking ... K+ in the ECF causes ... Hyperkalemia, a ... diagnosis #treatment #pharmacology
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
Causes purpura & ... Related Acute Lung Injury ... High mortality. ... products contain potassium ... Hypotension: People taking