13 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Traditionally, congestive ... system to circulate blood ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... #NYHA #ACCAHA
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... phlebotomy High ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... Digoxin • K sparing ... #causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... phlebotomy High ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... Digoxin • K sparing ... #causes #potassium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Management Summary Causes ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... UA positive for blood ... #Management #causes
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... production: TLS, Crush injury ... : Blood draw error ... #high
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Prevention of blood
Aortic Dissection Pearls
Aortic dissection is caused by a tear in the tunica intima, the innermost layer
dissection is caused ... Tearing/sharp/stabbing ... Assess for high ... associations: • Connective ... ~60 • Control blood
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Transfusion of aged blood ... Rhabdomyolysis/crush injury ... Drugs—potassium-sparing ... #Causes #diagnosis
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
transfusion, Hypercalcemia ... Imaging Patterns ... Testing: • Imaging ... elevated white blood ... the underlying cause
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
Related Acute Lung Injury ... High mortality. ... Hypocalcemia, Hyperkalemia ... Hypotension: People taking ... #Transfusion #diagnosis