18 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
system to circulate blood ... flare ups that cause ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... #NYHA #ACCAHA
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... phlebotomy High ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... Digoxin • K sparing ... #causes #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... phlebotomy High ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... Digoxin • K sparing ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Transfusion of aged blood ... Rhabdomyolysis/crush injury ... failure* - Drugs—potassium-sparing ... #Causes #diagnosis
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... production: TLS, Crush injury ... : Blood draw error ... #Causes #potassium ... #high
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Management Summary Causes ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... UA positive for blood ... Monitor potassium
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... Hypokalemia ... Potassium-sparing ... #differential #diagnosis
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Drugs (Statins), ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... Management #Summary #causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Prevention of blood
Aortic Dissection Pearls
Aortic dissection is caused by a tear in the tunica intima, the innermost layer
dissection is caused ... Tearing/sharp/stabbing ... Assess for high ... associations: • Connective ... ~60 • Control blood