15 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Traditionally, congestive ... Association, which is classes ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... Classification #Stages #Classes ... #NYHA #ACCAHA
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
flare ups that cause ... class III and class ... Cardiology #CHF #Congestive ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... #Stages #ACCAHA
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
four-component staging ... Cardiology #CHF #Congestive ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... Classification #Stages #Classes ... #NYHA #ACCAHA
Creatine Kinase - Causes of Elevated CK Levels
Acute CK Elevation (Pain > Weakness):
 • RHABDOMYOLYSIS
Creatine Kinase - Causes ... - Medications: statins ... infarction, Acute renal injury ... Subacute to Chronic Causes ... Autoimmune: mixed connective
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... • LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... Hypocalcemia/Late - Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #Management #causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
syndrome, Electrical injury ... Drugs (Statins), ... extracellular fluid into injured ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... Management #Summary #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... Digoxin • K sparing ... Seaweed, Nuts, molasses ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia ... Kidney stones caused ... Antagonists, K+ Sparing ... Heart Association class ... Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... Digoxin • K sparing ... Seaweed, Nuts, molasses ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
sodium, which causes ... inhibiting drug classes ... avoid harmful hyperkalemia ... AND a potassium-sparing ... ReninAngiotensinAldosteroneSystem #RAAS #Pharmacology