20 results
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
Traditionally, congestive ... Association, which is classes ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... Classification #Stages #Classes ... #NYHA #ACCAHA
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
sodium, which causes ... inhibiting drug classes ... avoid harmful hyperkalemia ... antagonist AND a potassium-sparing ... ReninAngiotensinAldosteroneSystem #RAAS #Pharmacology
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... intoxication - Hyperkalemic ... Rhabdomyolysis/crush injury ... failure* - Drugs—potassium-sparing ... #Causes #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... Digoxin • K sparing ... • Recent IV potassium ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... Digoxin • K sparing ... • Recent IV potassium ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Metabolic Acidosis Causes ... and chronic) Causes ... Potassium-sparing ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
syndrome, Electrical injury ... Drugs (Statins), ... Monitor potassium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... Management #Summary #causes
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
flare ups that cause ... class III and class ... Cardiology #CHF #Congestive ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... #Stages #ACCAHA
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... • LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... Monitor potassium ... Diagnosis #Management #causes
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
four-component staging ... Cardiology #CHF #Congestive ... #HeartFailure #Staging ... Classification #Stages #Classes ... #NYHA #ACCAHA