4 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
due to increased GI ... histoplasmosis) • Milk (calcium ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Schematic representation of the major sources of ammonia production and its excretory pathway (GI = gastrointestinal,
excretory pathway (GI ... bleed - Significant ... deficiency #Ammonia #Pathophysiology ... #Hyperammonemia ... #Differential #
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis ... and Management ... Syndrome - Calcium ... #endocrinology ... #differential #algorithm
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Hypocalciuria (spot urine, calcium-creatinine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... diagnosis #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology ... #Hypokalemia