9 results
ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) and ANCA (Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)
 • Systemic lupus erythematosus
   1. Anti-dsDNA
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies ... ) • Systemic lupus ... drug-induced SLE) • Systemic ... Antineutrophil #antibodies ... #diagnosis #rheumatology
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence

Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
pathophysiologic causes ... Complement: Post-strep GN ... , Lupus Nephritis ... Purpura Anti-GBM antibodies ... #rheumatology
Summary table of types of hypersensitivity reactions. 
Type 1
 - Mediators: lgE
 - Antigen Form: Soluble
Allergen-specific lgE causes ... Action: IgG/lgM antibodies ... reaction, Haemolytic disease ... glomerulonephritis, Systemic ... lupus erythematosus
Cryoglobulinemia Summary

Cryoglobulins:
 • Cryoglobulins are Igs in the serum that precipitate in vitro at temperatures below
• They can cause ... • Autoimmune diseases ... Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody ... lupus erythematosus ... classification #rheumatology
Sjogren's Syndrome Overview

Epidemiology:
• F > M: 9:1
• 5-6th Decades (can be any age)

Autoimmune exocrinopathy multisystemic disease
Hypocomplementemia • Can cause ... TYPE IV RTA, TYPE ... Central nervous system ... Membranoproliferative GN ... Sjogrens #Syndrome #Rheumatology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
rapidly progressing GN ... tract, and often causes ... purpura: strong sign ... C-ANCA) pattern: antibodies ... differential #diagnosis #rheumatology
Acute Retroviral Syndrome
Acute Retroviral Syndrome is the symptomatic presentation of acute human immunodeficiency virus infection

 •
mononucleosis/flu type ... Central nervous system ... Detects both HIV antibody ... HIV-1 or HIV-2 antibodies ... ART to slow HIV disease
Rheumatology Workup - Laboratories Studies in Rheumatic Diseases

• Septic arthritis - Gram stain and culture of
Rheumatology Workup ... affected joint • Systemic ... lupus erythematosus ... double-stranded DNA antibodies ... Tests for All Types
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)

High mortality without prompt recognition and management. HLH is a critical diagnostic consideration in
hyperinflammatory syndrome caused ... of the immune system ... Types of HLH • ... ▪ Autoimmune diseases ... Presentation • Common Signs