17 results
Primary vs Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency - Pathophysiology
Primary AI = adrenal glands themselves are the problem. This
- Pathophysiology ... Primary AI = adrenal ... the pituitary gland ... Insufficiency #Pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Diagnosis Adrenal Insufficiency - Algorithm

Step 1) Screening Test: 6-8AM Cortisol Level
 - Early morning cortisol levels
Diagnosis Adrenal ... Differentiate primary ... consistent with primary ... gland) #Adrenal ... #Stimulation #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
structure-related • Primary ... ) Parathyroid gland ... , adrenal, prostate ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Infectious Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency
Anatomical distribution of vessels to the adrenal makes the gland prone to
makes the gland ... gland destruction ... risk for either primary ... #differential #diagnosis ... #endocrinology
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
- Diagnosis and ... Management Summary ... Primary Adrenal ... Insufficiency #Primary ... #Management #Endocrinology
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • ACTH stimulation test - Synthetic ACTH does not stimulate cortisol secretion because
Primary Adrenal ... gland impacts both ... autoimmune-mediated primary ... Evaluation #laboratory #diagnosis ... #testing #endocrinology
IgG4-Related Disease
Clinical history:  Man, 60 years, multiorgan involvement, unique or multiple inflammatory pseudotumor
4 phenotypes:
 •
pancreas, biliary, renal ... PET-CT Imaging (→ Diagnostic ... Related #Disease #diagnosis ... #management #phenotypes ... workup #treatment #rheumatology
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) Pathophysiology ... Auto-amplification loop Diagnosis ... assessment+++ Primary ... #management #treatment ... #summary #rheumatology
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
Giant cell arteritis ... in literature (NEJM ... cases (Cornelia NEJM ... them, but urgent rheumatology ... #Management
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
protein C and S Pathophysiology ... Treatment: • Treat primary ... #Coagulation #diagnosis ... causes #treatment #management ... #hematology