71 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... : Proximal and distal ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... potassium #low #nephrology
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
eye, and ear Visual ... important, as early diagnosis ... and treatment can ... #neurology #inflammatory ... #differential #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... cotransporter (NCC) in the distal ... Nacl delivery to distal ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
limb Gitelman syndrome ... cotransporter in distal ... mineralocorticoid receptor Distal ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Korsakoff Syndrome
Clinical Findings:
 • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease
 • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
Korsakoff Syndrome ... Therefore, Korsakoff Syndrome ... Encephalopathy Treatment ... neudrawlogy #Korsakoff #Syndrome ... #neurology #diagnosis
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Eye, and Ear Visual ... important, as early diagnosis ... and treatment can ... #neurology #noninflammatory ... #differential #diagnosis
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) - Diagnosis
Clinical Features:
 • Altered mental status (Either lethargy, confusion, or
Encephalopathy Syndrome ... (PRES) - Diagnosis ... changes (acuity, visual ... Encephalopathy #Syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
↓ Aldosterone: Syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... Proximal RTA, Distal ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
excess, Liddle syndrome ... Proximal RTA • Distal ... , Gitelman syndrome ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
What?
 • Unilateral orbital/retrobulbar pain
 • Paresis of the cranial nerves Ill, IV, VI
 •
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome ... or orbit (MRI) Treatment ... #Tolosa #Hunt #Syndrome ... #TolosaHunt #neurology ... #diagnosis