212 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Proximal tubule Bartter ... loop of Henle Gitelman ... Syndrome #Fanconi #Bartter ... #Gitelman #Localization
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 • Urine Chloride
 • Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
Differentiating Gitelman ... syndrome from Bartter ... krithicism #Gitelman ... #syndrome #Bartter
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Diagnosis Renal Causes ... Hypomagnesemia - Familial: Bartter ... syndrome and Gitelman ... hypomagnesemia Renal Causes ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Pocket Comparison Guide to Heritable Hypertension Syndromes (Secondary Hypertension)

Bartter, Gitelman, Liddle, Primary Aldosteronism, 
GRA (Glucocorticoid Remediable
Hypertension) Bartter ... , Gitelman, Liddle ... Syndromes #Comparison #Table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
thiazide diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... Algorithm #Nephrology #Causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
Causes of Metabolic ... furosemide) - Bartter ... syndrome - Gitelman ... administration Other causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Blood gas analysis
Metabolic alkalosis
Measured urine CI
< 10 mEq/L
Saline responsive
> 10 mEg/L
Not saline responsive
- Vomiting or NG
suction Endocrine cause ... H+ loss Renal cause ... Distant diuretics - Bartter ... syndrome - Gitelman
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman