1431 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
hyperaldosteronism • Low ... , NGT suction, Low ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... Renin-secreting tumor • Low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... causes #potassium #low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • Low ... , NGT suction, Low ... Bartter Syndrome, Gitelman ... Renin-secreting tumor • Low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... cotransporter • Gitelman's ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... Magnesium #Gitelman
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High Al, Low ... Renin-secreting tumor • Low ... Al, Low R - Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... nephrology #causes #low
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Hypomagnesemia • Barrter's/Gitelman's ... Renin-Secreting Tumor Low ... aldosteronism Low ... Renin, Low Aldosterone
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Liddle syndrome Low-normal ... EABV, Low Plasma ... • Distal RTA Low-normal ... Plasma HCO3- • Low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Diagnosis Algorithm Low ... tubular acidosis • Gitelman's
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
syndromes - Gitelman ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low