9 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
: • Normal Acid-Base ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... disease Renal ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... #nephrology #renal
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Addison’s disease ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Trauma/Crush injury ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... • Addison’s disease ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... : Causes of High ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... restrictive lung disease ... #Summary #Nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... and nephrotic syndrome ... and nephrotic syndrome ... • Liddle syndrome ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Chronic kidney disease ... Chronic kidney disease ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... #High #Potassium
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Asian countries (1 case ... post-sarcoidosis fatigue syndrome ... Specific sarcoidosis syndromes ... symptoms) • Löfgren syndrome ... • Heerfordt syndrome
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
and renal abnormalities ... • Kidneys: Non-glomerular ... Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome ... vasculitis • Behcet syndrome ... vasculitis • Cogan syndrome