2508 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
, Gitelman Syndrome ... GRA, Cushing's syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome ... mineralocorticoid excess; GRA: glucocorticoid ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
look for excess glucocorticoids ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... acid, Liddle's syndrome ... • Cushing's syndrome ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Cerebral salt wasting syndrome ... UNa > 20: • Glucocorticoid ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
solute intake, Glucocorticoid ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... Hypothyroidism, Glucocorticoid ... Algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
hyperplasia • Glucocorticoid ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
cortical hyperplasia, Glucocorticoid ... Aldosterone: Cushing syndrome ... excess, Liddle syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
, Gitelman Syndrome ... GRA, Cushing's syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome ... mineralocorticoid excess; GRA: glucocorticoid ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
bilateral hyperplasia/ glucocorticoid-sensitive ... Severe Cushing syndrome ... Congenital AME syndrome ... ) • Gitelman syndrome ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Central Cord Syndromes
 - Anterior Cord Syndrome
 - Central Cord Syndrome
 - Brown Sequard Syndrome

#CentralCord #Syndromes
Central Cord Syndromes ... Anterior Cord Syndrome ... - Central Cord Syndrome ... Brown Sequard Syndrome ... #BrownSequard #Neurology