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diagnosis management neurology differential aids cns hiv associated cyclic dementia demyelinating diseases erythematosus hand hematology hemeonc hemophagocytic histiocytosis hlh infections
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) Definition: HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories: • Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment • Mild neurocognitive impairment • HIV dementia Pathophysiology: HIV frequently
invades mononuclear cells ... Infected cells - ... > microglial activation ... Behavioral • Motor dysfunction ... Treatment: • HAART
Transverse Myelitis Overview Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
Focal inflammatory disorder ... • Excessive activation ... that results in CNS ... Pleocytosis > 100 cells ... Transverse Myelitis Treatment
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections: •
infections result from reactivation ... less than 200 cells ... Antimicrobial treatment ... recovery (CD4-cell ... Suspect in movement disorders
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) High mortality without prompt recognition and management. HLH is a critical diagnostic consideration in
cytopenias and organ dysfunction ... by uncontrolled activation ... Persistent fever, organ dysfunction ... Treatment Approach ... malignancy, autoimmune disorder
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) Suspect: Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell ... involve PNS and CNS ... mild cognitive dysfunction ... : • Chronic B-cell ... activation and/
Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) - Management Algorithm General Approach: - Identify and avoid triggers - Good sleep
Vomiting Syndrome (CVS ... ) - Management Algorithm ... Comorbidities (psychiatric disorders ... use, autonomic dysfunction ... #Treatment
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) Granulomatous Lesions comprising langerin-positive histiocytes and an inflammatory infiltrate can arise in virtually
LCH is a rare disorder ... • Endocrine Dysfunction ... CNS involvement: ... TREATMENT OPTIONS ... with appropriate treatment
DEMYELINATING DISEASES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM What Are Demyelinating Diseases? • Conditions that damage myelin, the protective
nervous system (CNS ... Optica Spectrum Disorder ... Oligoclonal bands, cell ... Optica Spectrum Disorder ... bladder/bowel dysfunction
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