9 results
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
chromosome 21) Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... seizure, primitive reflexes ... geriatrics #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Peripheral Vestibular Dysfunction ... vomiting, auditory symptoms ... Central Vestibular Dysfunction ... /signs, bidirectional
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
lumbar spine Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... of normal leg reflexes ... bladder/bowel dysfunction ... #signs
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Upper Extremity Dysfunction ... deficiencies -> Sphincter dysfunction ... bladder and rectal reflex ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #msk
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Typical symptoms ... Less Typical Symptoms ... More Specific Signs ... abdominojugular, reflux ... identifies systolic dysfunction
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
findings: • Symptoms ... and signs below ... Bowel and bladder dysfunction ... • Abnormal reflexes ... differential #algorithm
Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO) - Further Workup

 • CNS symptoms? Get an LP and imaging
Workup • CNS symptoms ... Refer to your ‘Fever ... Returning Traveler’ algorithm ... thin smear • Signs
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
bowel or bladder dysfunction ... Spasticity - Reflexes ... Autonomic Dysfunction ... • Bilateral signs ... and/or symptoms
Pheochromocytoma - Diagnosis and Management Summary
10 percent rule = 10% of pheochromocytomas are extra-adrenal, multiple, bilateral,
life • M=F Symptoms ... and Signs: 50% ... and other organ dysfunction ... and signs: • ... hypotension (may reflect