42 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... Algorithm Before evaluating ... hypokalemia is ... consumption • Low ... potassium #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
- Anorexia GI Losses ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification
Class I (Ia, Ib, Ic) - Na+ Channel Blockade
 • Slows depolarization
Vaughan Williams Classification ... Class I (Ia, Ib ... depolarization in slow ... AP cells • Slow ... VaughanWilliams #Classification
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Chronic diarrhea / IBD ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
TABLE 2. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) sub-classifications
lBS-diarrhoea (IBS-D)
 - >25% loose or watery stools; <25% hard
TABLE 2. ... ) sub-classifications ... (IBS-D) - >25% ... of incomplete evacuation ... #Classes #Diagnosis
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
Association functional class ... But now the ACC/ ... Below one can see how ... Stage B is defined ... #Stages #Classes
Laboratory Evaluation of Patients for Thyroid Disease 
Hyperthyroidism:
 • Graves disease - TSH low; free T4
Laboratory Evaluation ... disease - TSH low ... high; in some cases ... , T3 is elevated ... and free T4 is
Aortic Stenosis Grading on echocardiography
The cut-offs for grading can be found in table 1. Discrepancies are
can be found in table ... measurements - high or low ... flow - extremes ... addition, there is ... AorticStenosis #Classification
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Preoperative Risk Evaluation ... Performance thorough ... ASA class If ... Orthopedic • Low ... perioperative #Risk #Evaluation
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
• Common Causes ... total body stores Evaluation ... leukopenia and/or low ... pit, low retic ... macrocytosis - Low