13 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... Repeat the sodium ... hypothyroidism • adrenal ... Hypernatremia #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... High Uric Acid → renal ... salt wasting By ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
and Screening Testing ... Oral sodium loading ... CT scan, adrenal ... Causes #Screening #Workup ... #table
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... Sodium loss (diuretics ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Cerebral salt wasting ... Hypothyroidism - Adrenal ... Suppressed - Advanced renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Hypothyroidism, Adrenal ... Cerebral salt wasting ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... mimics, repeat testing ... Nephrology for renal ... #Workup #urology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Na <20: Extra-renal ... Urine Na >30: Renal ... Cerebral salt wasting ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... - Familial renal ... Mg wasting syndromes ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes #Workup