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diagnosis management spinalcord algorithm spinal syndrome syndromes als amyotrophic brudzinskis cauda caudaequina causes clinical cns disorders encephalitis encephalopathy equina headache
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski) Brudzinski's sign is characterized
causes spinal cord ... While the pathophysiology ... an involuntary reflex ... #PhysicalExam #Pediatrics ... #Peds
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 Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Acute Spinal Cord ... bladder and rectal reflex ... Syndromes #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Red flags (PHANTOMS): • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema •
history of cancer, HIV ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... infection (e.g., meningitis ... arteritis • Acute ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework Spinal cord neurological lesion: Clinical findings: • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential ... and signs below ... , HIV, CMV, HTLV ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview Cauda Equina Syndrome: • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr •
spine • MCC- acute ... spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... so-called ‘red flag’ symptoms ... infarct • HIV ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework Viral Encephalitis: MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Coltivirus Symptoms ... : • Acute meningeal ... signs (fever, nuchal ... culture or by serology ... #diagnosis #neurology
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
result in permanent neurologic ... syphilis, and HIV ... motor neuron symptoms ... syndromes #lesions #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
Transverse Myelitis Overview Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
• Bilateral signs ... and/or symptoms ... simplex virus, HIV ... diagnosis #management #neurology ... #differential
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... multiple spinal cord ... Increased Jaw Jerk reflex ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Neurological symptoms ... : Acute onset 2 ... Reversible course Differential ... diagnosis #management #neurology
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