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Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Clinical Features: Fever, Splenomegaly, Hepatomegaly, Lymphadenopathy, Confusion
Classic lab findings in HLH: ↑↑ ferritin, Anemia,
Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH ... ) Clinical Features ... IL-2 receptor Diagnostic ... Criteria): Molecular diagnosis ... Lymphohistiocytosis #diagnosis
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Definition: Overwhelming clinical syndrome associated with excessive macrophage activation and cytokine storm due to
: Overwhelming clinical ... Presentation / Diagnosis ... Diagnosis via genetic ... Infection should be diagnosed ... Lymphohistiocytosis #diagnosis
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Auto-amplification loop Diagnosis ... accumulation of clinical ... Assessment • Clinical ... hemophagocytosis = additional diagnostic ... Lymphohistiocytosis #diagnosis
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)

High mortality without prompt recognition and management. HLH is a critical diagnostic consideration in
HLH is a critical ... diagnostic consideration ... Clinical Presentation ... Diagnostic Criteria ... - Diagnosis requires
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
lymphohistiocytosis (HLH ... fever syndromes Clinical ... Fever is the main clinical ... hypersensitivity syndromes • HLH ... Activation #Syndrome #Diagnosis
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)
 • Introduction
 • Embryology
 • Anatomy
 • Physiology of HLHS
 •
Heart Syndrome (HLHS ... Physiology of HLHS ... Physical Exam/Diagnostic ... LeftHeart #Syndrome #HLHS
DKA vs HHS
 - Think of DKA and HHS on a spectrum of hyperglycemic emergencies
 -
DKA vs HHS - Think ... of DKA and HHS ... emergencies - HHS ... if HHS + poor PO ... comparison #laboratory #diagnosis
Diagnostic Schema for Hyperferritinemia

Pearl: Diseases associated with extreme elevations: 
1. HLH 
2. Still's disease 
3. Systemic
Diagnostic Schema ... HLH 2. ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Ketosis Disorders - Comparison Table
 • Starvation Ketosis
 • Alcoholic Ketoacidosis (AKA)
 • Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Hyperosmolar State (HHS ... ) • DKA/HHS Overlap ... #differential #diagnosis
"Eight I's" mnemonic for the main causes of hyperglycemia. #hhs #dka #ketoacidosis #diabetes #diabetic #em #differential
#hhs #dka #ketoacidosis ... #differential #diagnosis