65 results
Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesions are lesions occurring anywhere in the CNS from the brain up
Motor Neuron (UMN ... anywhere in the CNS ... UMN lesions are ... This lesion causes ... positive Babinski reflex
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
involving both UMN ... - Causes progressive ... Increased Jaw Jerk reflex ... Escorial criteria uses ... evidence of both UMN
Generalized Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework
"l feel weak":
 • Infectious: Influenza, EBV, PNA, Bacteremia, Sepsis
 •
COPD, ILD, OSA, pHTN ... Infection • Neuro: UMN ... stroke, tumor), LMN ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Hoffmann's Reflex on Physical Exam
The Hoffmann's reflex itself involves loosely holding the middle finger and flicking
Hoffmann's Reflex ... The Hoffmann's reflex ... #Hoffmanns #Reflex ... clinical #neurology #UMN ... #video #Pyramidal
Orbicularis Reflex in an Alzheimer's Patient on Physical Exam

Alzheimer's is a degenerative, progressive and irreversible disease.
Orbicularis Reflex ... time, and can cause ... delusions and, in some cases ... present in the video ... PhysicalExam #clinical #video
Secondary causes of Hypertension
 • Medications, Drugs, Chemo: NSAIDS, Steroids, CNI, Alcohol, Cocaine, OCP, Licorice, MAOI,
Secondary causes ... NSAIDS, Steroids, CNI ... Hyperaldosternism (low renin HTN ... Other low renin HTN ... causes: Cushing's
Hypertension and Altered Mental Status (AMS) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hypertension:
 • Hypertensive emergency
 • Hypertensive encephalopathy
Hyperthyroidism CNS ... with compensatory HTN ... /agitation • CNS ... Scleroderma renal crises ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Normal (Negative) Babinski / Plantar Reflex

The plantar reflex is a reflex elicited when the sole of
Babinski / Plantar Reflex ... The plantar reflex ... is a reflex elicited ... causes a downward ... Normal #Clinical #Video
Causes of Nausea and Vomiting - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone/Area Postrema:
 • Drugs:
	- Chemo agents
	-
Causes of Nausea ... Antiarrhythmics, Anti-HTN ... Hyperthyroidism Cortex/CNS ... Malignancy #nausea ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
URT inflammation causes ... replicates within CNS ... causing MN death ... induces vascular & CNS ... CNS and hematologic