23 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
vs Secondary vs ... Tertiary Lab Comparison ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
and Clinical Findings ... process whereas secondary ... diseases • In secondary ... #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes ... Acromegaly #Secondary ... #Screening #Workup
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
- Pathogenesis and ... Secondary hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Primary and Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary (Essential) (95%) - Onset between age
Primary and Secondary ... Causes of Hypertension ... taken at home, work ... Causes (5%) - Onset ... excess (Cushing syndrome
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... Hypertension - Workup ... signs of end-organ ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hypothyroidism, Primary
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... osmolarity If cause ... signs • Glomerulonephritis ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #Injury #AKI #Workup
Adrenal Insufficiency - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
Most Common Cause in the US: Autoimmune Adrenalitis
Other
Management Summary Primary ... Causes of Secondary ... hypophysitis, Sheehan's syndrome ... Insufficiency #Primary ... #Management #Endocrinology
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
• Other rare causes ... Carpal Tunnel Syndrome ... Overproduction #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Approach to Thyroid Function Tests in the Evaluation of Hyperthyroidism
 • Low TSH, Low normal T4
Hyperthyroidism: Work-up ... high T4 +/- T3 → Primary ... Hyperthyroidism → Signs ... T3 → Central (secondary ... algorithm #diagnosis #endocrinology