54 results
Woltman’s sign on Physical Exam

53-year-old man presented with fatigue and sensitivity to cold. A physical examination
Physical Exam 53-year-old ... the ankle jerk reflex ... a deep-tendon reflex ... #PhysicalExam # ... Hypothyroidism #Ankle #Reflexes
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
: Pathogenesis and ... injury -> Ligaments tear ... msk #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... rectal reflex. ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics
Drop Arm Test - Supraspinatus Tear

The drop arm test evaluates for a supraspinatus muscle tear.
Passively adduct
Supraspinatus Tear ... to 90 degrees, flex ... to 30 degrees, and ... #Shoulder #PhysicalExam ... #sports #msk #orthopedics
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
• Locked-in syndrome ... • Mutism Pathophysiology ... • Examine for signs ... If ok with ICU team ... caseyalbin #PhysicalExam
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
: Pathogenesis and ... erythematosus (SLE) Signs ... - Decreased tear ... #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
mutations - Down syndrome ... chromosome 21) Signs ... seizure, primitive reflexes ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... geriatrics #diagnosis #signs
Hypothyroidism – symptoms and signs.

Symptoms: 
Tiredness/malaise, 
Weight gain,
Anorexia,
Cold intolerance, 
Poor memory,
Change in appearance, 
Depression, 
Poor libido,
signs. ... , Deafness Signs ... Carpal timel syndrome ... Slow-relaxing reflexes ... Symptoms #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... lumbar spine Signs ... of normal leg reflexes ... #CaudaEquina #Syndrome ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Brudzinski’s Sign in Meningitis (first described in 19th century by Dr. Josef Brudzinski)

Brudzinski's sign is characterized
flexion of the knees and ... cord movement and ... While the pathophysiology ... an involuntary reflex ... Clinical #Video #PhysicalExam