519 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #Increase #Decrease ... Diagnosis #DM2 #Differential
Diastolic Dysfunction Grading - Echocardiography
Grade 0  (Normal):
 • E/A >0.8, e’ > 8 cm/s, E/e’
Impaired Relaxation & Decreased ... Compliance • Mild Decrease ... Filling • Moderate Decrease ... enlargement • Severe Decrease ... grades #diagnosis #cardiology
R Wave Progression - normal chest lead ECG shows an rS-type complex in lead V1 with
with a steady increase ... left chest and a decrease ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Kussmaul's Sign - Differential Diagnosis

Typically the JVP decreases with inspiration as the negative intrathoracic pressure "sucks
Kussmaul's Sign - Differential ... Typically the JVP decreases ... there is a lack of decrease ... physicalexam #diagnosis #cardiology ... #differential #
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy: Heart Murmur
 • Occurs during systole 
 • Crescendo-decrescendo murmur
 • Heard best
mitral areas • Increase ... dehydration) • Decrease ... Murmur #Cardiac #Cardiology
Conceptual Relationship between Volume Responsiveness and Volume Tolerance

Assessing for volume responsiveness would only tell you that
there would be an increase ... "Left Shift" (Decreased ... glycocalyx damage -decreased ... oncotic pressure -decreased ... Challenge #Diagram #Differential
Arthrocentesis of synovial fluid - Interpretation
 - Normal
 - Noninflammatory	
 - Inflammatory	
 - Septic

Viscosity of synovial
may actually be decreased ... concentrations decrease ... 50,000 #Diagnosis #Differential
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
Respiratory Failure - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework DECREASED ... • Low PATM Can decrease ... • Rising PaCO2 decreases ... Failure #hypoxia #Differential
Hypotension in Anesthesiology - Differential Diagnosis and Management 

Initial checklist: 
 - Verify BP (e.g. surgeon
Anesthesiology - Differential ... crystalloids) - Decrease ... anaesthetic - Increase ... Anesthesiology #Differential
Digoxin effect on Electrocardiogram (EKG)
Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside from the foxglove leaf
Mechanism
 - Inhibits Na-K
Na-K ATPase -> increase ... extracellular K -> increase ... intracellular Ca -> increase ... contractility - Decreases ... Electrocardiogram #EKG #Cardiology