951 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
and Reduction in HbA1c ... Elevation == Decreased ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #HgbA1c #Laboratory ... #Increase #Decrease
Diabetes A1c Target Range 

#HbA1c #glucose #diabetes #a1c #targets #management #endocriniology
Target Range #HbA1c ... targets #management #endocriniology
COMMONLY ENCOUNTERED MEDICATIONS THAT INCREASE OR DECREASE WARFARIN’S INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIO (INR)

#Pharmacology #Warfarin #Medications #Interactions #INR
MEDICATIONS THAT INCREASE ... OR DECREASE WARFARIN ... INR #Increases #Decreases
Summary and links to five landmark trials of intensive control vs standard therapy in DM2:

 UKPDS
VisualAbstract #Endocrinology ... Landmark #Trials #HgbA1c
Diastolic Dysfunction Grading - Echocardiography
Grade 0  (Normal):
 • E/A >0.8, e’ > 8 cm/s, E/e’
Impaired Relaxation & Decreased ... Compliance • Mild Decrease ... /e’ 8 - 15 • Increase ... Filling • Moderate Decrease ... enlargement • Severe Decrease
Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)

Expiratory & Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure
Both increase intrathoracic pressure, which can decrease
Both can decrease ... larger VT and decreases ... In CHF, decreases ... In COPD, decreases ... Cannot tolerate decreased
Thyroid Disorders and Menstrual Cycle Function

Hypothyroidism
 • Polymenorrhea (increased menstrual bleeding) is more common
 • Oligomenorrhea
Galactorrhea • Decreased ... Anovulation • Decreased ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Pressors and Inotropes

Norepinephrine
 • alpha1 > beta 1
 • Increase SVR > Inotropy
Vasopressin
 • V1
 •
alpha1 > beta 1 • Increase ... • alpha 1 • Increase ... • Inotropy > Increase ... • Inotropy, Decrease ... • Inotropy, Decrease
Medications for High-Altitude Sickness 
Acetazolarnide 
 • Carbonic Anydrase Inhibitor Bicarb diuresis & metabolic Acidosis ->
Dexamethasone • Decrease ... vasogenic edema • Decrease ... Nifedipine • Decreases
Auto-PEEP 
What is Auto-PEEP?
 • Progressive air trapping & dynamic hyperinflation → ↑Palv at end expiration
barotrauma and decreased ... • Decrease airway ... (Tflow rate = decrease ... I:E ratio, decrease ... RR) • Decrease