44 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
and Reduction in HbA1c ... RBC turnover • Acute ... Elevation #Reduction #HbA1c ... #Increase #Decrease ... Diagnosis #DM2 #Differential
SNOOP mnemonic may catch potentially life-threatening headaches
Systemic signs and disorders
Neurologic symptoms
Onset new or changed & patient
life-threatening headaches ... Systemic signs ... and disorders Neurologic ... #Differential # ... redflag #dangerous #neurology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
- Differential ... • Meningeal signs ... arteritis • Acute ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #neurology
Primary and Secondary Headaches - Red Flags and Differential Diagnosis
Red Flags (SNOOP):
S - Systemic		
N - Neurologic
Red Flags and Differential ... Systemic N - Neurologic ... Non-Vascular - Increased/Decreased ... Hypoglycemia Anatomy - Acute ... #diagnosis #differential
Photophobia and Headache - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Why?
• The coexistence of photophobia and headache suggests the potential
- Differential ... meningeal irritation signs ... : - Acute angle-closure ... #differential # ... ophthalmology #Neurology
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... With Different Headache ... thrombosis • Acute ... #signs #symptoms ... #clues #differential
Causes of Secondary Headaches (without Red Flag Symptoms) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute
 • Sinusitis
 • Dental
Causes of Secondary Headaches ... Flag Symptoms) - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm Acute ... Brain Injury • Acute ... #Neurology #Differential
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Prerenal:
 • Due to true volume loss or decreased
(AKI) - Differential ... volume loss or decreased ... 3rd spacing • Decreased ... #Injury #AKI #Differential ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Decreased intake/absorption: Starvation, Alcoholism, Malabsorption, Phosphate binder use
 • Redistribution/
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Algorithm • Decreased ... into cells - Acute ... Catecholamines - Acute ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
13 Dangerous Causes of Headache:
 - subarachnoid hemorrhage: family history, PCKD, known berry aneurysm, sudden and
coagulopathy, decreased ... or at work) - acute ... thrombophilia, neurologic ... signs/symptoms ... Dangerous #Deadly #Differential