13 results
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... urine microscopy / urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... #causes
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... unloading • Kidney ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
sphincter unit; Decreased ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Incontinence #Mixed #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Causes of Nephrolithiasis ... - Differential ... of stones: • Urinary ... ingestion Stones with decreased ... Medullary sponge kidney
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary ... acidosis-induced decreased ... the indicated causes ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Urinary ... #differential #
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
hypertension and signs ... disturbance, or acute kidney ... renal bruit or signs ... Neurologic disorders ... #Differential #
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... involvement: Muscles, Kidneys ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... #diagnosis #causes
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
retroperitoneal masses ... Valsalva maneuver (decreases ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... - Causes progressive ... - Fatigue and decreased ... conditions listed in differential ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology
Emergent Causes of Headache and Associated Risk Factors
Carbon monoxide poisoning
 - Breathing in enclosed or confined
Emergent Causes ... debilitation with decreased ... of polycystic kidney ... headache #redflags #signs ... #symptoms #differential