48 results
Checklist for the Echocardiographic Evaluation of Pulmonary Hypertension
 • Record estimated PASP
 • Evaluate RV size
• Evaluate for signs ... • Evaluate for causes ... of PH (left heart ... Echocardiography #diagnosis ... #cardiology #echocardiogram
Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension

1. Pulmonary arterial hypertension from pulmonary vasculopathy
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
Heritable gene mutations
Clinical Classification ... due to left heart ... chronic renal failure ... Classification #Diagnosis ... #Differential #Causes
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with portal hypertension
No other obvious causes (chronic
other obvious causes ... Transthoracic echocardiogram ... m/s • Other signs ... pressure < 15mmHg TREATMENT ... #diagnosis #management
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
inflammatory cells) Clinical ... exertion • Neurologic ... • Cardiac: Heart ... failure, dysrhythmias ... #Symptoms #Signs
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... or papilledema, heart ... failure, neurologic ... 109 mm Hg) with clinical ... renal bruit or signs
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... irrigation • Management ... Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
Portal Hypertension ... - Differential Diagnosis ... >10 mmHg - clinically ... including R heart ... failure and constrictive
Pheochromocytoma - Diagnosis and Management Summary
10 percent rule = 10% of pheochromocytomas are extra-adrenal, multiple, bilateral,
malignant, pediatric cases ... Symptoms and Signs ... common symptoms and signs ... may present with pulmonary ... #Management #treatment
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) and Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Definition: mean pulmonary-artery pressure > 25mmHg
Plexiform-lesion formation Clinical ... Decreasing right heart ... with right heart ... Bypass Other Treatment ... #management
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
without other cause ... high CVP, left heart ... failure, positive ... , and CXR with pulmonary ... Reactions #hematology #diagnosis